What does a frequency cost?

In the world of amateur radio, a "frequency" is not a purchasable commodity, but rather part of the radio frequency spectrum managed by government authorities. To use certain frequency bands, radio amateurs are typically required to obtain a license after passing an exam that certifies their technical knowledge and understanding of regulations. The cost of such a license varies depending on the country, but the use of the frequencies themselves is usually free once the license has been obtained, as long as one adheres to the rules and regulations that apply to the licensed frequency band. For radio amateurs in Germany, the Federal Network Agency charges an annual fee for frequency use as well as an EMV fee totaling approximately EUR 30. There are also one-off fees that must be paid annually when allocating frequencies that are used for commercial radio.